Indian Institute of Technology Websites: A Webometric Study

Varsha Ashok Dh; e; SV Kantule; Vaishali Khaparde

doi:10.35248/2231-4911.24.14.860

Research Article - (2025) Volume 15, Issue 1

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Indian Institute of Technology Websites: A Webometric Study

Varsha Ashok Dhande¹^*, SV Kantule² and Vaishali Khaparde³

^*Correspondence: Varsha Ashok Dhande, Department of Library and Information Science, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University Aurangabad, India, Email:

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Abstract

The website of Indian institute of technology is a platform to exhibit the courses offered by the institution and also about the research activities carried out by that institute prioritizing the content is one of the best ways to make sure the visitors are finding the information the site wants them to find, and that they want to find, and that they want to find. A total no of 20 Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) were taken up for the study homepage of the institute were taken up for the study and the various web objects were identified and also their locations in the home page of the institute were analysed and discussed. The study also helps the web designers to improve the usability of websites. The purpose of this Institute is to evaluate Indian institute of technology web sites using Alexa internet a subsidiary company of amazon.com which provides commercial web traffic data. It is one of the most well-known tools for evaluating websites that offers a free of charge evaluation service. The present study has been done by using webometric methods. Each institute web site was searched in Alexa databank and relevant data including traffic rank, pages viewed, links, bounce percentage, time on site, search percentage, and Indian/other users were collected.

Keywords

Content organization, Webometrics, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Institute website, Alexa internet

Introduction

Today websites of any organization/service sector facilitate for the information dissemination and reveals the reputation of the organization since users are becoming net citizens. The content of the websites targets the user community and therefore, after ensuring that content is useful, well-written, and in a format that is suitable for the web, it is important to ensure that the information is clearly organized in the form of different web objects/links in the home page. Therefore, content of the home page must be well organized with the necessary information in the home page, grouping related informational elements, etc. The term “webometrics” was coined by Almind and Ingwersen in 1997. Webometric is combination of two words 'web' and 'metric', web is a collection of web pages or text documents including images, video, audio etc. interconnected by hyperlinks and metric means measurement, hence, webometrics is the measurement of web, its structure and application. In this research we used the Alexa internet tool which was the instrument in the previous studies [1].

Alexa: A tool for website evaluation

Alexa internet started in April 1996 by American web entrepreneurs Brewster Kahle and Bruce Gilliat and presently it is a California based subsidiary company of amazon.com which provides commercial web traffic data. Currently, Alexa internet is the most well-known tool for evaluating websites that offers a free of charge evaluation service. Alexa data is collected from millions of its toolbar users. Alexa continually gathers various types of information (from all public websites) such as traffic rankings, number of page views, links pointing to sites, average time on site per user, etc. Alexa toolbar users access various websites and Alexa computes websites' traffic by analysing the web usage of millions of Alexa toolbar users and data obtained from other diverse traffic data sources. The traffic is based on three months' aggregated historical data and is a combined measure of pages viewed and number of users (reach). After calculating websites' traffic Alexa ranks all covered websites based on this traffic. Therefore, the best websites are those with the lowest numbered rank [2]. The closer a website gets to #1, the more reliable its traffic ranking becomes, while traffic rankings of 100,000 and above are not reliable. Alexa is a very powerful tool used to rank web site traffic. Find out how your web site traffic stacks up against all your competitors. This is one of the most accurate freely available tools to find out how well your site ranks up against millions of other sites on the web. Alexa offers various websites attributes including: Traffic rank, pages viewed, speed, links, bounce percentage, time on site, search percentage and local and foreign users which are formed the foundation of evaluation in the existing study. The same has been given in the Table 1.

Website’s attribute	Definition
Traffic rank	It is an estimate of popularity in a specific country. Alexa computes web sites‘traffic by analysing the web usage of millions of Alexa toolbar users and data obtained from other diverse traffic data sources. The traffic is based on three months of aggregated historical traffic data and is a combined measure of pages viewed and users (reach).
Speed	Speed is the measure of average load time. Web pages downloading speed that reflects the average time for opening pages of a certain web site.
Page views	It is an estimated percentage of global page views. Page views measure the number of pages viewed by site visitors. Multiple page views of the same page made by the same user on the same day are counted only once. The page views per user numbers are the average numbers of unique pages viewed per user per day by the visitors to the site. The three-month change is determined by comparing a site‘s current page view numbers with those from pages viewed three months ago, which reflects the average number of pages viewed by users in a certain web site. Page views/user is the estimate of daily unique page views per user.
Links	A measure of reputation, which includes a number of web sites connected to a certain web site which shows its popularity.
Reach	Estimated percentage of global internet users.
Bounce percentage	Estimated percentage of visits that consist of a single page view.
Time on site	Estimated daily time on site (mm:ss).
Search percentage	Estimated percentage of visits that came from a search engine.
Users	The percentage of people who visit a web site (local and international).

Table 1: Alexa web attributes for ranking websites

Definition analysis

Webometrics: The science of the study of the web was name as “webometrics” by Almind and Ingwersen however the term “cybermetrics” is used for the same by journal of Cybermetrics. Webometrics is the combination of theories of informetrics, scientometric and application of bibliometrics. For example, counting and analysis of outgoing links from the website, known as outlines, of link pointing to the website, called inlinkes, can be seen similar to citation analysis.

Review of Literature

Website evaluation provides useful information for users to estimate sites validation and popularity. So far, a number studies using webometrics methods have been done by various authors on different websites. Here is an attempt is made portray some of the website evaluation studies using Alexa internet as tool for evaluation.

Jeyshankar and Valarmathi studied websites of ICMR institutes for their study [3]. They calculated webpage size, WAVE web AIM accessibility error (a web accessibility tool that assist in the evaluation of web), various search engines’ performances, the difference between pages in various time intervals and number of rich files. The paper also presented the link network diagram of ICMR institutes using Pajek software. Madhusudhan and Prakash explored different characteristics through linked analysis of 16 IIT websites. All the IITs’ had their own websites and all websites were working under homogeneous domain name system.

Alexa traffic rank and the global rank were considered for the study. This study revealed an overall preview of the traffic and page ranks of research councils of India websites.

Baharum and Jaafar studied that users could form a schema (mental model help users to interact with the website) for the location of web objects on informational websites [4]. The study was investigative and included logo, internal links, search, advertisement, external links, site title, login, language, content and calendar. 94 participants from 10 Asian countries filled the questionnaire. The study concluded that the advances of technology significantly affect users’ schema for the location of the web objects layout within 4 years.

Shukla and Tripathi examined the extent of back links to different categories of web-pages of the library websites belonging to institutes of national importance and premier library websites of management institutions in India [5]. The study concluded with the remarks that Yahoo site explorer had retrieved maximum number of back links. This indicated that Yahoo site explorer was more reliable than Google, All the Web and AltaVista in terms of back links.

Moghaddam and Farshid studied that web metrics serves as a method for identifying the most accredited free e journals of medical sciences [6]. It has been found that information collected from and about links between web-pages and websites can reflect real world phenomena and relationships between their organizations. Further, authors concluded with the remarks that there should be interlinking for free e-journals between the local bodies.

Need of the study

Users will consider the items that are placed in close spatial proximity to belong together conceptually like logo, title, about us/history, …, etc. For designing a site, which gives greater satisfaction and faster retrieval of information, the users’ mental model or ‘schema’ for the characteristic location of web objects on a website is considered an essential ingredient.

Web objects is the elements on a web page which has a hypertext link to another place in the same or to an entirely different document such as text, graphics, URLs and scripts. Therefore, web objects can be thought of as individual entities that represent some functional unit on web page/site [7].

Scope of the study

The scope of the present study is limited to Indian institute of technology in India.

Methodology of the Study

This study consists of the 20 websites of Indian institute of technology in India which are. As taken as a sample for evaluation in the present study. The URLs of these Indian institute of technology were collected from the internet. The present study has been done by using webometrics methods with the help of Alexa databank, which is known as the most famous tool for evaluating websites. In this research we selected seven indexes i.e., traffic rank, pages viewed, links, bounce percentage, time on site, search percentage, Indian and other users. In order to analyse Indian institute technology websites. Using these each Indian institute technology URLs, web site was searched on 10^th January, 2018 in Alexa website (www.alexa.com) and all the data were obtained by real-time examination according to prearranged evaluation indexes (Table 1). The data collection process was completed on the same day to decrease possible errors associated with frequent website updates. The downloaded data were further entered into the specially designed Microsoft Excel worksheet. Then data were analyzed and tabulated to relevant findings in accordance with the desired objectives. The with their Indian institute technology URLs, which are coming under the preview of this study, are provided [8].

Objectives of the study

The objective of this study is given below:

To study the Indian institute technology websites and their Uniform Resources Locators(URLs).
To study the various availability of web objects or links that are available in the websiteof Indian institute technology in India.
The objective of this study is the to evaluate of Indian institute technology websites basedon Alex indexes they are seen in Table 2.
To study of the web impact factors of Indian institute technology in India.

The Indian Institutes of Technology (IIT) are autonomous public institutes of higher education, located in India. They are governed by the Institutes of Technology ACT, 1961 which has declared them as institutions of national importance and lays down their powers, duties, and framework for governance. The Institutes of Technology ACT, 1961 lists twenty-three institutes (after the last amendment in 2016) [9]. Each IIT is autonomous, linked to the others through a common council (IIT council), which oversees their administration. The minister of human resource development is the ex officio chairperson of the IIT council. As of 2018, the total number of seats for undergraduate programs in all IITs (Table 3).

1	IIT Bombay	http://www.iitb.ac.in/
2	Â IIT Madras (Chennai)	https://www.iitm.ac.in/
3	IIT Kharagpur	http://www.iitkgp.ac.in/
4	IIT Delhi	http://www.iitd.ac.in/
5	IIT Kanpur	https://iitk.ac.in/
6	IIT Guwahati	http://www.iitg.ac.in/
7	IIT Roorkee	https://www.iitr.ac.in/
8	IIT Varanasi (BHU)	https://iitbhu.ac.in/
9	IIT Indore	http://www.iiti.ac.in/
10	IIT Hyderabad	https://www.iith.ac.in/

Table 2: List of Indian Institute Technologies (IITs) with URLs.

S. No.	Web object	Available	%	Not available	%
1	Research	6	60	4	40
2	Academics	5	50	5	50
3	Departments	5	50	5	50
4	Administration	4	40	6	60
5	Facilities	4	40	6	60
6	Admitions	3	30	7	70
7	Alumni	3	30	7	70
8	Faculty	3	30	7	70
9	Institute	3	30	7	70
10	Students	3	30	7	70
11	About us	2	20	8	80
12	Academic affairs	2	20	8	80
13	Campus life	2	20	8	80
14	Centres	2	20	8	80
15	Contact	2	20	8	80
16	Home	2	20	8	80
17	Industry	2	20	8	80
18	Media	2	20	8	80
19	Memorandum of understanding	2	20	8	80
20	People	2	20	8	80
21	Tenders	2	20	8	80
22	Academic calendar	1	10	9	90
23	Academic centres	1	10	9	90
24	Academic programme	1	10	9	90
25	Achievements	1	10	9	90
26	Admin	1	10	9	90
27	Alumni and external relations	1	10	9	90
28	Alumni connect campaign	1	10	9	90
29	Alumni services	1	10	9	90
30	Anti-sexual harassment	1	10	9	90
31	Biosciences and bioengineering	1	10	9	90
32	Board of Governors	1	10	9	90
33	Brochure for foreign students	1	10	9	90
34	Building and works committee	1	10	9	90
35	Campus safety	1	10	9	90
36	Central facilities	1	10	9	90
37	Central instruments facility	1	10	9	90
38	Centre for career development	1	10	9	90
39	Centre for creativity	1	10	9	90
40	Centre for educational technology	1	10	9	90
41	Centre for energy	1	10	9	90
42	Centre for environment	1	10	9	90
43	Centre for linguistic science and technology	1	10	9	90
44	Centre for nanotechnology	1	10	9	90
45	Centre for rural technology	1	10	9	90
46	Chemical engineering	1	10	9	90
47	Chemistry	1	10	9	90
48	Civil engineering	1	10	9	90
49	Computer and communication centre	1	10	9	90
50	Computer science and engineering	1	10	9	90
51	Consulting	1	10	9	90
52	Continuing foreign students	1	10	9	90
53	Culture and sports	1	10	9	90
54	Dean/Director	1	10	9	90
55	Department wise collaborations	1	10	9	90
56	Design	1	10	9	90
57	Directory	1	10	9	90
58	Donations	1	10	9	90
59	Electronics and electrical engineering	1	10	9	90
60	Exchange program	1	10	9	90
61	Exchange related forms	1	10	9	90
62	Extramural centres	1	10	9	90
63	Fact sheet	1	10	9	90
64	FAQs	1	10	9	90
65	Finance committee	1	10	9	90
66	Foreign collaboration	1	10	9	90
67	Forum	1	10	9	90
68	Guidelines form	1	10	9	90
69	Humanities and social sciences	1	10	9	90
70	IIT (BHU)	1	10	9	90
71	IITG administration	1	10	9	90
72	IITG alumni association	1	10	9	90
73	IITG poster	1	10	9	90
74	Immigration info.	1	10	9	90
75	Incoming students	1	10	9	90
76	Information for partner	1	10	9	90
77	Initiatives	1	10	9	90
78	Innovation and incubation	1	10	9	90
79	International	1	10	9	90
80	Internet	1	10	9	90
81	Logo	1	10	9	90
82	Mathematics	1	10	9	90
83	Mechanical engineering	1	10	9	90
84	Mobility info.	1	10	9	90
85	Notice	1	10	9	90
86	Partnerships	1	10	9	90
87	Physics	1	10	9	90
88	R and D	1	10	9	90
89	Recruitments	1	10	9	90
90	Repository	1	10	9	90
91	Request for alumni card	1	10	9	90
92	RTI	1	10	9	90
93	Senate	1	10	9	90
94	Social initiative	1	10	9	90
95	Staff	1	10	9	90
96	Student activities	1	10	9	90
97	Student's life	1	10	9	90
98	Visitors info	1	10	9	90
99	Webmail	1	10	9	90
Total		139		851

Table 3: Availability of web objects.

Majority of the web objects are available in the Indian institute of technology in India websites. The web objects that are not available in the institute websites were also calculated. Chart control method has been generally adopted for identifying the quality control of the attribute. Normally different charts used are p chart, Np chart, c chart, and u chart. In this study, np chart is used to identify the quality control of the attribute [10]. Np charts may be defined as the fraction of non-conformants which is the ratio of the number of nonconforming objects found to the total number of web pages actually taken up for the study. Np charts are statistical process control tools used to evaluate the items of non-conformity in a process.

The value of p is calculated using the formula:

P=Σnp/Σn

P=Total number of web objects available/Total number of universities χ Number of web objects

While putting the values in above formula we calculate control limits, such as Upper Control Limit (UCLnp) and Lower Control Limit (LCLnp).

P=Σ851/Σ851/10x139

P=0.6122

N = Total no of university x p (10 x 0.6122)

P^*n=10^*0.6122= 6.122302

NP= 6.122302

Control limit=np±3√(n p (1−p))

6.122302±3√(6.122302(1−0.6122))

13.2444371+ 4.002063

Control limit=10.12436

Upper control limit=10.12+^*6.122

UCLnp=16.242

Lower control limit=10.12-6.122

LCLnp=3.9977

Results and Discussion

The data regarding Indian institute of technology institute web sites for eight indexes (traffic rank, pages viewed, speed, links, and bounce percentage, time on site, search percentage and Indian/foreign users) as obtained from Alexa internet is presented in Table 4.

S. No.	Institute	Global	Page viewed	Speed	Links	Bounce rate	Time on site	Search visits	India
1	IITB	7,592	4.4	(0.991 s), 80%	5,573	42.90%	5:12 1.00%	26.90%	551
2	Â IITM	3,792	4.19	(1.051 s) 78%	4,365	27.60%	4:21	30.60%	174
3	IITK	6,776	5.15	(0.92 s), 83%	2,374	26.30%	7:07	29.50%	430
4	IITD	11,975	4.3	(0.982 s), 80%	2,769	41.50%	8:37	25.50%	986
5	IITK	6,583	3.38	(1.992 s), 56%	3,918	56.30%	5:14	25.50%	524
6	IITG	15,981	2.8	(1.121 s), 75%	1,586	52.70%	2:55 7.00%	48.90%	1,237
7	IITR	27,127	3.96	(0.691 s), 90%	1,265	35.20%	4:09	40.20%	1,729
8	IITB	35,571	6.34	(2.614 s), 70%	405	20.40%	8:10 7.00%	31.70%	2,908
9	IITI	57,333	3.1	(0.291 s), 99%	440	63.70%	22.60%	3.1	3,741
10	IITH	61,132	4.3	(1.205 s), 72%	550	40.20%	4:05	48.70%	5,159

Table 4: Data obtained from Alexa internet.

Traffic rank

With regard to the attribute traffic rank in India, the best-ranked Indian institute of technology of hydrabad with global rank 61,132 and The global rank of Indian institute of technology Indore and Varanasi 57,333 and 35571 respectively. Indian institute of technology IIT Roorki, IIT Guwahati, IIT Kanpur Delhi, Kharagpur, Madras, Mumbai, shows low traffic ranks, which reflects their weak performance on this account. Out of the 10 Indian institute of technology [11].

Page views: Concerning to this attribute IIT Hyderabad, has the highest number of average pages viewed by users per day followed by IIT (BHU) Varanasi (6.34), and IIT Kharagpur with (5.15%). IIT Madras (Chennai) with (4.19) % the lowest number of average pages viewed is 2.8 % for IIT Guwahati, IIT Indore with % (3.1).

Downloading speed

Traffic rank: With regard to the attribute traffic rank in India, the best-ranked Indian institute of technology of hydrabad with global rank 61,132 and The global rank of Indian institute of technology Indore and Varanasi 57,333 and 35571 respectively. Indian institute of technology IIT Roorki, IIT Guwahati, IIT Kanpur Delhi, Kharagpur, Madras, Mumbai, shows low traffic ranks, which reflects their weak performance on this account. Out of the 10 Indian institute of technology.

Downloading speed links

Regarding the number of links that each Indian institute of technology web site has received, IIT Bombay has received the highest number of links (5,573) which is considerably different from other Institute, which has probably made it much more popular than others. IIT Madras (Chennai) with links (4, 365,) occupy second place. IIT Kharagpur with links (2,374) lowest links received from IIT (BHU) Varanasi with links (405).

Bounce percentage: IIT Indore, has the highest bounce percentage (63.70%) followed by IIT Kanpur, 56.30% and IIT Guwahati (52.70%), IIT Bombay, (42.90%), IIT Delhi (41.50%), IIT Hyderabad (40.20%) and lowest bounce percentage (20.40) % IIT (BHU) Varanasi.

Time on site: The estimated daily time spent on site by the visitors is highest for IIT Indore (22.60%), IIT Delhi occupies second place with (8:37) followed by IIT (BHU) Varanasi with (8:10 7.00%), and the lowest in this category is for IIT Guwahati, (2:55 7.00%) The time spent on the rest of the sites is in the range of 8:37-2:55 7.00%.

Search percentage: The highest percentage of visits that came from search engines is for The IIT Guwahati with (48.90%) and the lowest is (3.1%) for IIT Indore.

Web impact factors of Indian Institute of Technology (IIT)

The WIF is useful measure of the overall influence of a web site, using the back links or links (links coming into a site from other sites) to the web site. Due to the dynamic nature of web, the data collected now become outdated even after a minute. To overcome this situation all data of the following Table 5 has been collected within three consecutive days. Accordingly, the collected data are tabulated according to the WIF of the Institute:

S. no.	Name of the university.	Web objects	Links	WIF	Rank
1	IIIT Bombay	6	5,573	928.83	1
2	IIT Madras	7	4,365	623.571	2
3	IIT Kharagpur	5	2,374	474.8	3
4	IIT Kanpur	9	2,769	356.182	4
5	IIT Hyderabad	11	3,918	110	5
6	IIT Indore	63	1,586	44	6
7	IIT Varanasi	9	1,265	40.5	7
8	IIT Guwahati	10	405	25.1746	8
9	IIT Roorkee	10	440	0.00711	9
10	IIT Delhi	5	550	0.00325	10

Table 5: Web impact factor of Indian Institute of Technology (IIT).

The Table 5 shows that among the state aided, Indian institute of technology Bombay, Indian institute of technology Madras, ranks best according to the WIF of the institutes, certainly it raises question of the impact of WIF. Because as, WIF is the ratio of link received by the Indian institute of technology website and total web objects of that site, generally an Indian institute of technology Kharagpur and Delhi institute with minimum web objects always has the opportunity to result better than that of a website having good number of web objects. It motivates for searching new parameters to modify the simple WIF. We have tried to identify whether there is any correlation with the value of Web objects with its WIF as well as link with WIFI. It means any individual parameter has no effect on WIF, rather ratio of these two parameters allow to estimate the web impact of the Indian institute of technology. However, some institutes have very low in link. They have plenty of scope for betterment by using search engine optimization tools, so that the visibility and web presence of these sites can perform better while searching through commercial search engines.

Findings

Among the 10 Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) were taken up for the study:

The web object, administration, as the other web objects like logo, title, etc. was found in almost all the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) websites and it is very much below the control of the websites. The findings of this study provide an overall picture of Indian institute of technology websites status in terms of their performances on the web based on the seven indexes of Alexa internet evaluation tool. Results of show that, most of Indian institute of technology websites do not act successfully on the web and need much attention. Similarly, some high traffic ranking Indian institute of technology websites showed weak performance in some of the attributes whereas some open traffic ranking Indian institute of technology performed comparatively better in some of the attributes. The bounce rate of most of the Indian institute of technology are not satisfactory, which needs to be given due attention as it could increase the number of visitors for the respective Indian institute of technology and their consequent global reach. Besides administrators of Indian institute of technology, the results of this study will be useful for web site managers in any field including those in charge of library web sites. The study will also help librarians and anyone interested to increase usage of a web site by analyzing the use of web site using Alexa internet.

The website of IIT Hyderabad, 5,159 highest users and IIT Madras (Chennai) 174 Indiarank has the lowest percentage of users in India.
Indian institute of technology Bombay has highest web impact factor 928.83.

Conclusion

The web impact factor was developed by Ingwersen to measure the impact of a web area by the number of links it receives. WIF calculations were found to be a crude instrument for webometrics studies webometrics research want search engines and an academic web crawler have been used. The purpose of this website evaluation using Alexa internet tool helps the webmaster and the respective Indian institute of technology websites to improvise the usability of websites. The present study has been exploratory and there is possibility to future research in this area. The result of this study gives an overall preview of the Indian institute of technology websites traffic and page ranks of local and foreign.

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Author Info

Varsha Ashok Dhande¹^*, SV Kantule² and Vaishali Khaparde³

¹Department of Library and Information Science, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University Aurangabad, India
²Department of Library and Information Science, Rajshri Shahu College Pathri (Dist.), Aurangabad, India
³Department of Library and Information Science, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University Aurangabad, India

Received: 09-Dec-2023, Manuscript No. IJLIS-23-122425; Editor assigned: 12-Dec-2023, Pre QC No. IJLIS-23-122425; Reviewed: 26-Dec-2023, QC No. IJLIS-23-122425; Revised: 21-Feb-2025, Manuscript No. IJLIS-23-122425; Published: 28-Feb-2025, DOI: 10.35248/2231-4911.24.14.860

Copyright: This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.